Pepper plants tend to ripen in bursts, especially once the weather turns warm and stays that way - a plant that gave two peppers a week in June can give a dozen by August. Quick-pickling handles the overflow regardless of which pepper variety is doing the overproducing, since the method barely changes between sweet and hot types.
Slice peppers into rings (for banana peppers or jalapeños) or thin strips (for bell peppers). If working with hot peppers and want a milder result, remove the seeds and white pith, where most of the heat concentrates; leave them in for a spicier pickle.
Pack peppers, garlic, and peppercorns into a jar. Heat the vinegar, water, salt, and sugar until dissolved, pour hot over the peppers, and let cool before sealing.
Thin rings are ready in 2-3 hours; thicker bell pepper strips take closer to 6 hours or overnight for full flavor. They keep for about 2-3 weeks refrigerated - see how long quick pickles last for how to tell when a jar is past its best.
The brine itself doesn't change between sweet and hot peppers - what changes is what you do before the peppers go in the jar. For a milder jar of jalapeños, deseed most of them and leave a few whole for anyone who wants more heat. For a hotter jar of banana peppers, add a few slices of a hotter pepper variety alongside them rather than relying on the banana peppers alone, since they're mild even at full ripeness.
Pickled pepper rings are a natural topping for anything that could use acidity and a little heat - tacos, sandwiches, nachos, or scrambled eggs. They also work well stirred into a dish that's already built around peppers, like keto shrimp and peppers, where a spoonful of the pickled version adds a sharper contrast to the cooked peppers in the dish.
If bell peppers are the surplus rather than something spicier, pair fresh and pickled versions in the same meal - a grilled zucchini and pepper salad made with fresh peppers, finished with a scattering of the quick-pickled version for acidity, uses both at once.
For more ways to work through a pepper glut alongside the rest of the garden, see the full quick-pickle guide for garden surplus.